Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kukhuphuka unyaka nonyaka, njengoba besilindele, nakuba kusekude ukuhlangabezana nezinjongo zesimo sezulu. Kodwa sisengakholelwa ngethemba kulokhu kubikezelwa kwedatha - ngo-2030, inani lama-EV emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi lidlule izigidi ezingu-125. Umbiko uthole ukuthi ezinkampanini okucwaningwe ngazo emhlabeni jikelele ezingakacabangi ukusebenzisa ama-BEV, u-33% uveze isibalo sezindawo zokukhokhisa umphakathi njengesithiyo esikhulu ekufezeni lo mgomo. Ukushaja izimoto zikagesi kuhlale kuwukukhathazeka okukhulu.
Ukushaja kwe-EV kuvele kokungasebenzi kahle kakhuluIZINGA 1 amashaja kweIZINGA 2 amashajamanje esivamile ezindaweni zokuhlala, okusinika inkululeko eyengeziwe nokuqiniseka lapho ushayela. Abantu sebeqala ukuba nokulindela okuphezulu kokushajwa kwe-EV - amandla aphezulu, amandla amakhulu, kanye nokushaja okushesha nokuzinza. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthuthuka nokuthuthuka kokushaja okusheshayo kwe-EV ndawonye.
Ikuphi Imikhawulo?
Okokuqala, sidinga ukuqonda iqiniso lokuthi ukugcwaliseka kokushaja okusheshayo akuncikile kuphela kushaja. Idizayini yobunjiniyela bemoto ngokwayo idinga ukucatshangelwa, futhi umthamo kanye nokuminyana kwamandla ebhethri lamandla kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja futhi bungaphansi kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa iphakethe lebhethri, kanye nenkinga yokubhoboza ukuncishiswa kwe-electroplating kwamabhethri e-lithium okubangelwa ukushaja okusheshayo. Lokhu kungase kudinge inqubekelaphambili emisha kulo lonke uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla ezimoto zikagesi, idizayini yephakethe lebhethri, amaseli ebhethri, ngisho nezinto ze-molecule yebhethri.
Okwesibili, isistimu ye-BMS yemoto kanye nesistimu yokushaja yeshaja kudinga ukusebenzisana ukuze kuhlale kuqashwe futhi kulawule izinga lokushisa lebhethri neshaja, i-voltage yokushaja, yamanje, kanye ne-SOC yemoto. Qinisekisa ukuthi amandla amanje aphezulu angafakwa kubhethri lamandla ngokuphephile, ngokuzinzile, nangempumelelo ukuze okokusebenza kusebenze ngokuphepha nangokwethembeka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukushisa okukhulu.
Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokushaja okusheshayo akudingi nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja kodwa futhi kudinga impumelelo entsha kubuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe bokudluliswa kwegridi yamandla nokusabalalisa. Kuphinde kube nenselelo enkulu kubuchwepheshe bokukhipha ukushisa.
Amandla Angeziwe, Amanje Angeziwe:Inethiwekhi enkulu yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC
Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC yomphakathi wanamuhla kusebenzisa amandla kagesi aphezulu kanye namandla aphezulu, futhi izimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika zisheshisa ukuphakelwa kwamanethiwekhi okushaja angu-350kw. Leli yithuba elikhulu nenselelo yokushaja abakhiqizi bemishini emhlabeni jikelele. Idinga okokusebenza kokushaja ukuze ikwazi ukukhipha ukushisa ngenkathi idlulisela amandla kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqwaba yokushaja ingasebenza ngokuphepha nangokwethembeka. Njengoba sonke sazi, kukhona ubudlelwano obuhle bokuchasisa phakathi kokudluliswa kwamanje kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa, ngakho-ke lokhu kuwuvivinyo olukhulu lwemithombo yobuchwepheshe yomkhiqizi namandla okuqamba.
Inethiwekhi yokushaja okusheshayo ye-DC idinga ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela eziningi zokuvikela ukuphepha, ezingaphatha ngobuhlakani amabhethri emoto namashaja phakathi nenqubo yokushaja ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwebhethri nezinto zokusebenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesimo sokusetshenziswa kwamashaja asesidlangalaleni, amapulagi ashajayo adinga ukungenwa amanzi, angangenwa uthuli, futhi amelane kakhulu nesimo sezulu.
Njengomkhiqizi wemishini yokushaja yamazwe ngamazwe oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-16 ye-R&D nesipiliyoni sokukhiqiza, i-Workersbee ibihlola izitayela zentuthuko kanye nempumelelo yobuchwepheshe yobuchwepheshe bokushaja izimoto zikagesi nabalingani abahamba phambili embonini iminyaka eminingi. Umuzwa wethu ocebile wokukhiqiza namandla e-R&D aqinile asisize ukuba sethule isizukulwane esisha samapulagi okushaja okupholisa uketshezi e-CCS2 kulo nyaka.
Yamukela idizayini yesakhiwo esididiyelwe, futhi indawo yokupholisa uketshezi ingaba ukupholisa uwoyela noma ukupholisa amanzi. Iphampu ye-elekthronikhi ishayela isipholile ukuthi sigeleze kupulaki yokushaja futhi isusa ukushisa okukhiqizwa umthelela oshisayo wamanje ukuze izintambo ezincane zendawo eziphambanayo zikwazi ukuthwala amaza amakhulu futhi zilawule ngempumelelo ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Kusukela kwethulwa umkhiqizo, impendulo yemakethe ibe yinhle kakhulu futhi iye yanconywa ngazwi linye ngabakhiqizi bemishini yokushaja abaziwayo. Futhi sisaqoqa impendulo yamakhasimende ngenkuthalo, sihlala sithuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo, futhi silwela ukufaka amandla emakethe.
Njengamanje, ama-Supercharger akwaTesla anezwi eliphelele kunethiwekhi yokushaja okusheshayo ye-DC emakethe yokushaja ye-EV. Isizukulwane esisha sama-V4 Supercharger okwamanje silinganiselwe ku-250kW kodwa sizokhombisa isivinini esikhulu sokuqhuma njengoba amandla enyuka aze afike ku-350kW – akwazi ukwengeza amamayela angu-115 ngemizuzu emihlanu nje.
Imininingwane yombiko enyatheliswa iminyango yezokuthutha yamazwe amaningi ibonisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa evela emkhakheni wezokuthutha kufinyelela ku-1/4 yengqikithi yokukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya. Lokhu akubandakanyi nje izimoto ezilula zabagibeli kodwa namaloli athwala kanzima. Ukukhipha ikhabhoni embonini yamaloli kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyinselele ekuthuthukisweni kwesimo sezulu. Ngokushaja amaloli kagesi athwala kanzima, imboni iphakamise uhlelo lokushaja lwezinga le-megawatt. I-Kempower imemezele ukwethulwa kwemishini yokushaja eshesha kakhulu ye-DC efinyelela ku-1.2 MW futhi ihlela ukuyisebenzisa e-UK ngekota yokuqala ka-2024.
I-US DOE ngaphambilini iphakamise indinganiso ye-XFC yokushaja okushesha kakhulu, ikubiza ngokuthi inselele ebalulekile okufanele inqotshwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwezimoto zikagesi. Kuyisethi ephelele yobuchwepheshe obuhlelekile obuhlanganisa amabhethri, izimoto, nezinto zokushaja. Ukushaja kungaqedwa emizuzwini eyi-15 noma ngaphansi ukuze ikwazi ukuncintisana nesikhathi sokugcwalisa i-ICE.
Shintsha,Ikhokhisiwe:Isiteshi Sokushintshana Amandla
Ngaphezu kokusheshisa ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushaja, iziteshi zokushintshwa kukagesi "zishintshile futhi uhambe" nazo zithole ukunakwa okukhulu ohlelweni lokugcwalisa amandla ngokushesha. Phela, kuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuqedela ukushintsha kwebhethri, ukusebenzisa ibhethri eligcwele, nokushajwa kabusha ngokushesha kunemoto kaphethiloli. Lokhu kuyajabulisa kakhulu, futhi kuzoheha izinkampani eziningi ukuthi zitshale imali kuzo.
Isevisi ye-NIO Power Swap,eyethulwe i-Automaker i-NIO ingashintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ibhethri eligcwaliswe ngokugcwele emizuzwini emi-3. Konke ukushintshwa kuzohlola ngokuzenzakalela ibhethri nesistimu yamandla ukuze kugcinwe imoto nebhethri kusesimweni esihle kakhulu.
Lokhu kuzwakala kulinga impela, futhi kubonakala sengathi sesingakwazi kakade ukubona okungenamthungo phakathi kwamabhethri aphansi namabhethri ashajwe ngokugcwele esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi baningi kakhulu abakhiqizi be-EV emakethe, futhi abakhiqizi abaningi banezincazelo ezihlukile zebhethri nokusebenza. Ngenxa yezici ezifana nokuncintisana kwemakethe kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe, kunzima ngathi ukuhlanganisa amabhethri awo wonke noma iningi lemikhiqizo yama-EV ukuze osayizi bawo, ukucaciswa, ukusebenza, njll. kuhambisane ngokuphelele futhi kungashintshwa phakathi kwelinye. Lokhu futhi sekube yisithiyo esikhulu ekwenziweni kwezomnotho kweziteshi zokushintshwa kwamandla.
Emgwaqeni: Ukushaja Okungenantambo
Ngokufanayo nendlela yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja umakhalekhukhwini, ukushaja okungenantambo nakho kuyisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi. Ikakhulukazi isebenzisa induction ye-electromagnetic kanye ne-resonance kazibuthe ukuze idlulise amandla, iguqule amandla ibe inkambu kazibuthe, bese yamukela futhi igcine amandla ngomshini owamukelayo imoto. Ijubane layo lokushaja ngeke lisheshe kakhulu, kodwa lingashajwa ngenkathi ushayela, okungase kuthathwe njengokudambisa ukukhathazeka kwebanga.
I-Electreon isanda kuvulwa ngokusemthethweni imigwaqo efakwe ugesi e-Michigan, e-USA, futhi izovivinywa kakhulu ekuqaleni kuka-2024. Ivumela izimoto zikagesi ezishayelayo noma ezipakwe emigwaqweni ukuthi zishaje amabhethri azo ngaphandle kokuxhunywa, ekuqaleni i-quarter-mile ubude futhi izonwetshwa ukuze imayela. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kuphinde kwasebenza kakhulu i-ecosystem ephathwayo, kodwa kudinga ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ephakeme kakhulu kanye nomsebenzi omkhulu wobunjiniyela.
Izinselelo Eziningi
Lapho ama-EV amaningi egcwala,amanethiwekhi okushaja engeziwe ayasungulwa, futhi kudingeka ukuthi kukhishwe okwamanje okwengeziwe, okusho ukuthi kuzoba nokucindezela komthwalo okunamandla kugridi yamandla. Noma ngabe amandla, ukuphehlwa kukagesi, noma ukudluliswa nokusatshalaliswa kukagesi, sizobhekana nezinselele ezinkulu.
Okokuqala, ngokombono omkhulu womhlaba wonke, ukuthuthukiswa kokugcinwa kwamandla kusewumkhuba omkhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka futhi ukusheshisa ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-V2X ukuze amandla akwazi ukujikeleza ngokuphumelelayo kuzo zonke izixhumanisi.
Okwesibili, sebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe bedatha enkulu ukuze usungule amagridi ahlakaniphile futhi uthuthukise ukwethembeka kwegridi. Hlaziya futhi uphathe ngempumelelo isidingo sokushaja sezimoto zikagesi kanye nomhlahlandlela wokushaja ngezikhathi. Akugcini nje kuphela ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nomthelela kugridi, kodwa futhi kunganciphisa izikweletu zikagesi zabanikazi bezimoto.
Okwesithathu, nakuba ingcindezi yenqubomgomo isebenza ngokombono, ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphambilini i-White House yathi izotshala u-$7.5B ekwakhiweni kweziteshi zokushaja, kodwa cishe akukho nqubekelaphambili. Isizathu siwukuthi kunzima ukufanisa izidingo zomxhaso kunqubomgomo nokusebenza kwezinsiza, futhi umkhankaso wenzuzo kasonkontileka usekude ukuthi ucushwe.
Okokugcina, abakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu basebenzela ukushaja okune-voltage ephezulu kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bazosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-800V high-voltage, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, bazothuthukisa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bebhethri nobuchwepheshe bokupholisa ukuze bafinyelele ukushaja okushesha kakhulu kwemizuzu engu-10-15. Imboni yonke izobhekana nezinselelo ezinkulu.
Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene bokushaja ngokushesha bufanele izikhathi nezidingo ezahlukene, futhi indlela ngayinye yokushaja ibuye ibe nokushiyeka okusobala. Amashaja ezigaba ezintathu zokushaja ngokushesha ekhaya, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kumaphaseji anesivinini esikhulu, ukushaja okungenantambo esimweni sokushayela, neziteshi zokushintsha amandla okushintshanisa amabhethri ngokushesha. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja ngokushesha buzoqhubeka buthuthuka futhi buthuthuke. Lapho inkundla ye-800V isiduma, imishini yokushaja engaphezu kuka-400kw izovama, futhi ukukhathazeka kwethu ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto zikagesi kuzoqedwa kancane kancane yile mishini ethembekile. I-Workersbee izimisele ukusebenzisana nabo bonke abalingani bemboni ukuze bakhe ikusasa eliluhlaza!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-19-2023