Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kukhuphuka unyaka nonyaka, ngoba sikulindele, yize basekude nemigomo yesimo sezulu. Kepha sisengakholelwa ngokuphelele kulokhu kubikezela kwedatha - ngo-2030, inani le-EVS emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi lidlule ezigidini eziyi-125. The report found that of the companies surveyed globally that are not yet considering using BEVs, 33% cited the number of public charging points as a major barrier to achieving this goal. Ukushaja izimoto zikagesi kuhlale kuyinkinga enkulu.
Ukushaja kwe-EV sekuvele kusuka ku-Super akusebenziIzinga le-1 Charger kuIzinga 2 ChargerManje okuvamile ezindaweni zokuhlala, okusinika inkululeko ethe xaxa nokuzethemba lapho ushayela. Abantu baqala ukuba nokulindelwe okuphezulu kokushaja kwe-EV - Amanje aphezulu, amandla amakhulu, nokushaja okusheshayo nokuqinile. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthuthukiswa kanye nentuthuko yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-EV.
Iphi imikhawulo?
Okokuqala, kudingeka siqonde iqiniso lokuthi ukugcwaliseka kokushaja okusheshayo akuthendeli nje kwishaja. Umklamo wobunjiniyela wemoto uqobo udinga ukucatshangelwa, futhi amandla namandla ebhethri amandla abaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja bungaphansi kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri, kufaka phakathi ubuchwepheshe bebhethri lokulinganisa lebhethri, kanye nenkinga yokuphuka i-electroplating at hatenuation yamabhethri e-lithium abangelwa ukushaja okusheshayo. Lokhu kungadinga inqubekela phambili entsha kulo lonke uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamandla wezimoto zikagesi, ukwakheka kwebhethri kwebhethri, amaseli ebhethri, ngisho nezinto zebhethri zebhethri.
Okwesibili, uhlelo lwe-BMS lwemoto kanye nohlelo lokushaja icala lweshaja ludinga ukubambisana ukuze luqaphe njalo futhi lulawule izinga lokushisa lebhethri neshaja, i-voltage yemoto, yamanje, ne-soc yemoto. Qinisekisa ukuthi inani eliphakeme lamanje lingafakwa ibhethri lamandla ngokuphepha, ngokuqinile, futhi ngempumelelo ukuze imishini ingasebenza ngokuphepha nangokuthembekile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukushisa ngokweqile.
Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokushaja okusheshayo akudingeki kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja kepha futhi kudinga ama-Prekthrough amasha kubuchwepheshe bebhethri nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe be-Power Grid kanye nokusabalalisa. Kuphinde kube yinselelo enkulu ekushiseni ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza.
Amandla amaningi, okwamanje:Inethiwekhi enkulu yokushaja i-DC
Ukushaja kwanamuhla kwe-DC Ukushaja okusheshayo kusebenzisa i-voltage ephezulu kanye namanje, futhi izimakethe zaseYurophu nezeMelika zisheshisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanethiwekhi we-350kkw ukushaja amanethiwekhi. Leli yithuba elikhulu nenselele kubakhiqizi bemishini yokushaja emhlabeni jikelele. Kudinga ukuthi imishini yokushaja ukuze ikwazi ukuqeda ukushisa ngenkathi idlulisela amandla futhi iqinisekise ukuthi inqwaba yokushaja ingasebenza ngokuphephile nangokuthembekile. Njengoba sonke sazi, kunobudlelwano obuhle obuhlukahlukene phakathi kokudluliselwa kwamanje nokushisa okushisa, ngakho-ke lokhu kungukuhlola okuhle kwama-Revectical Revections Dealth and Innovation.
Inethiwekhi ye-DC esheshayo idinga ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela eziningi zokuvikelwa kokuphepha, ezingaphatha ngokusobala ukuphatha amabhethri ezimoto namashaja ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwebhethri nemishini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesimo sokusetshenziswa kwamashaja omphakathi, ama-pluging ama-pluging adinga ukungangeni manzi, athuli, futhi amelana nesimo sezulu kakhulu.
Njengomenzi we-International Optiment Opmentment eneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-16 yolwazi lwe-R & D kanye nokukhiqizwa, abasebenzi bebelokhu behlola izindlela zokuthuthuka kanye nokuqhekeka kwezobuchwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe bokushaja izimoto zikagesi nabalingani abahamba ngezimoto abambalwa. Amandla ethu okukhiqiza acebile kanye namandla e-R & D aqinile akwenze senzele isizukulwane esisha se-CCS2 ukupholisa ama-plugs wokushaja kulo nyaka.
Ikwamukela ukwakheka kwesakhiwo okuhlanganisiwe, kanye nendawo ephakathi nendawo epholile kungaba ukupholisa kawoyela noma ukupholisa kwamanzi. Ipampu ye-elekthronikhi ishayela okupholile ukugeleza ku-plug yokushaja futhi kususa ukushisa okwenziwe ngumphumela we-thermal wamanje ukuze izintambo zendawo ezincane zikwazi ukuthwala imisinga emikhulu futhi zilawule ngempumelelo i-RESTAME REP. Kusukela kwethulwa umkhiqizo, impendulo yemakethe ibilokhu ihle kakhulu futhi ibinconywe ngamabomu ngabakhiqizi bemishini yokushaja eyaziwayo. Sisaqhubeka nokuqoqa impendulo yekhasimende ngenkuthalo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo, futhi silwela ukujova amandla amaningi emakethe.
Njengamanje, ama-supercharger akwaTesla ane-ASSKETE STUST kunethiwekhi ye-DC esheshayo ishaja emakethe yokushaja i-EV. Isizukulwane esisha sama-v4 supercharger okwamanje sikhawulelwe ku-250kw kepha sizokhombisa isivinini esiphezulu sokuqhuma njengoba amandla esekhuphuke afinyelela kuma-350kw - akwazi ukwengeza amamayela ayi-115 kuphela ngemizuzu emihlanu nje.
Bika idatha ekhishwe yiminyango yezokuhamba yamazwe amaningi ikhombisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi abamba ukushisa okuvela kwi-akhawunti yomkhakha wezokuhamba cishe ngo-1/4 wokukhishwa kwegesi okuphelele kwezwe. Lokhu kufaka hhayi hhayi kuphela izimoto zabagibeli ezilula kodwa namaloli asebenza kanzima. I-Decarbonisizing imboni yamaloli ibaluleke kakhulu futhi inselele ukuthuthuka kwesimo sezulu. Ngokushaja kwamaloli amakhulu e-Electric House-Duty, imboni iphakamise uhlelo lokushaja lwe-megawatt-level. UKempower umemezele ukwethulwa kwe-Ultra-Fast Attivice Adficed of up to 1.2 MW kanye nezinhlelo zokuyisebenzisa e-UK ngekota yokuqala ka-2024.
I-US DoE iphakamise ngaphambilini izinga le-XFC lokushaja ngokweqile, likubiza ngokuthi inselelo ebalulekile okufanele inqotshwe ukuze kufinyelelwe ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi. Kuseqole eliphelele lobuchwepheshe obuhlelekile kufaka phakathi amabhethri, izimoto, kanye nemishini yokushaja. Ukushaja kungaphothulwa ngemizuzu engu-15 noma ngaphansi ukuze ukwazi ukuncintisana nesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kweqhwa.
Shintshela,-Bethelelwayo:Isiteshi Sokushintsha Amandla
Ngaphezu kokusheshisa ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushaja, "ukushintshana nokushintshana nokuhamba" iziteshi zokushintsha amandla zithole ukunakwa okuningi ohlelweni oluphindaphindelwaneni lwamandla. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuthatha kuphela imizuzu embalwa ukuqedela ukushintshana kwebhethri, gijima ngebhethri eligcwele, bese ufaka kabusha ngokushesha kunemoto kaphethiloli. Lokhu kuyajabulisa kakhulu, futhi kuzoba ukuheha izinkampani eziningi ukuthi zitshale imali.
Insiza ye-nio power swap,Ukwethulwa yi-automaker nio kungabuyisela ibhethri ekhokhiswe ngokugcwele ngemizuzu emi-3. Njalo ukufaka esikhundleni kuzohlola ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlelo lwebhethri nohlelo lokugcina imoto nebhethri esimweni esihle kakhulu.
Lokhu kuzwakala kuyilapho kulinga, futhi kubonakala sengathi sesingakubona emthungo phakathi kwamabhethri aphansi namabhethri akhokhiswa ngokugcwele ngokuzayo. Kepha iqiniso ukuthi kunabakhiqizi abaningi kakhulu be-eV emakethe, futhi iningi labakhiqizi linokucaciswa kwebhethri okuhlukile nokusebenza. Ngenxa yezinto ezifana nomncintiswano wemakethe kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe, kunzima ngathi ukuhlanganisa amabhethri azo zonke noma izinhlobo eziningi ze-EVS ukuze amasayizi abo, imininingwane, ukusebenza, njll. Lokhu sekubuye kube yisithiyo esikhulu kunazo zonke ekuhlelweni komnotho kweziteshi zokushintsha amandla.
Emgwaqweni: Ukushaja okungenantambo
Ifana nendlela yokuthuthuka yezobuchwepheshe befoni yokushaja umakhalekhukhwini, ukushaja okungenantambo nakho kuyindlela yokuthuthuka yezimoto zikagesi. Isebenzisa kakhulu ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic kanye ne-magnetic resonance ukuhambisa amandla, Guqula amandla abe amandla kazibuthe, bese uthola futhi ugcine amandla ngedivayisi yokuthola imoto. Ijubane layo lokushaja ngeke lisheshe kakhulu, kepha lingakhokhiswa ngenkathi ushayela, elingabhekwa njengokunciphisa ukukhathazeka ngobubanzi.
I-Electreen isanda kuvula ngokusemthethweni imigwaqo egesi kagesi eMichigan, e-USA, futhi izovivinywa kakhulu ekuqaleni kuka-2024. Ivumela izimoto zikagesi ezishayela noma zipakwe emigwaqweni ukuze zikhokhiswe, zixhunywe ku-quarter-mile futhi zizonwetshwa ku mile. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kuye kwasebenza kakhulu i-ecosystem yeselula, kepha kudinga ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ephezulu kakhulu kanye nenani elikhulu lomsebenzi wobunjiniyela.
Izinselelo Ezengeziwe
Lapho kugcwala izikhukhula eziningi,Kusungulwa amanethiwekhi amaningi okushaja, futhi izidingo eziningi zamanje zokuthi zizokhipha, okusho ukuthi kuzoba nengcindezi yomthwalo onamandla kugridi yamandla. Noma ngabe kungamandla, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, noma ukudluliselwa kwamandla nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla, sizobhekana nezinselelo ezinkulu.
Okokuqala, kusukela ngombono we-macro emhlabeni jikelele, ukuthuthukiswa kokugcinwa kwamandla kusewumkhuba omkhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka futhi ukusheshisa ukusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwakheka kwe-v2x ukuze amandla azungeze kahle kuzo zonke izixhumanisi.
Okwesibili, sebenzisa ubuhlakani bokufakelwa nobuchwepheshe bedatha enkulu ukusungula ama-grids ahlakaniphile futhi uthuthukise ukuthembeka kwegridi. Hlaziya futhi uphathe ngempumelelo ukufunwa kokushaja kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nomhlahlandlela wokushaja ngezikhathi. Hhayi nje kuphela lapho kunganciphisa ubungozi bethonya kugridi, kodwa futhi lunganciphisa izindleko zikagesi zabanikazi bezimoto.
Okwesithathu, yize ingcindezi yenqubomgomo isebenza ngombono, ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani ibaluleke kakhulu. I-White House yayiqale ukutshala imali engu- $ 7.5B ekwakhiweni kweziteshi zokushaja, kepha cishe ayikho inqubekela phambili. Isizathu ukuthi kunzima ukufanisa nezidingo zoxhaso kwinqubomgomo ngokusebenza kwezikhungo, kanye ne-drive drive yenzuzo yosonkontileka ayisebenzi.
Ekugcineni, abenzi bezimoto ezinkulu basebenza ngokushaja okusheshayo okusheshayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bazosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphakeme abangama-800V, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bazothuthukisa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye nobuchwepheshe bokupholisa ukufeza ukushaja okusheshayo kwemizuzu engu-10-16. Yonke imboni izobhekana nezinselelo ezinkulu.
Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bokushaja okusheshayo balungele izikhathi ezahlukahlukene nezidingo, nendlela ngayinye yokushaja nakho kunamaphutha asobala. Amashaja wesigaba ezintathu sokushaja okusheshayo ekhaya, i-DC Ukushaja okusheshayo kwama-Carrigor asheshe, ukushaqeka okungenantambo kwesimo sokushayela, kanye neziteshi zokushintsha amandla ukuze ushintshe ngokushesha amabhethri. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi buqhubeka nokuthuthukisa, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo bazoqhubeka nokuthuthuka nokuthuthukela. Lapho ipulatifomu engu-800V iba ethandwa, imishini yokushaja ngenhla kwama-400kW izovama, futhi ukukhathazeka kwethu mayelana nobubanzi bezimoto zikagesi kuzoqedwa kancane kancane yilawa madivayisi athembekile. Abasebenzi bazimisele ukusebenza nabo bonke abalingani bezimboni ukudala ikusasa eliluhlaza!
Isikhathi Seposi: Dece-19-2023